PARADOKS IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN DALAM TRANSFORMASI DIGITAL PENDIDIKAN: KAJIAN LITERATUR TENTANG EVOLUSI TANTANGAN PENDIDIK DARI ERA INDUSTRI 4.0 HINGGA AGENTIC AI
Keywords:
Transformasi Digital Pendidikan, Implementasi Kebijakan, Pendidik, Generative AI, Agentic AIAbstract
Transformasi digital telah mengubah berbagai aspek penyelenggaraan pendidikan, termasuk peran dan tantangan yang dihadapi pendidik. Perkembangan teknologi yang berlangsung mulai dari era Industri 4.0, disrupsi pandemi COVID-19, kemunculan Generative Artificial Intelligence (Generative AI), hingga berkembangnya Agentic AI menunjukkan bahwa tuntutan terhadap pendidik terus mengalami perubahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji evolusi tantangan pendidik dalam transformasi digital pendidikan serta menganalisis implikasinya terhadap implementasi kebijakan publik. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode narrative literature review melalui proses identifikasi, seleksi, analisis, dan sintesis berbagai artikel ilmiah serta laporan kebijakan yang relevan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa tantangan pendidik berkembang dari kemampuan mengintegrasikan teknologi ke dalam pembelajaran, beradaptasi dengan pembelajaran daring pada masa pandemi, mengembangkan literasi AI dan kompetensi pedagogis berbasis AI, hingga menghadapi implikasi penggunaan Agentic AI yang semakin otonom. Pembahasan mengindikasikan adanya paradoks implementasi kebijakan, yaitu perkembangan teknologi dan kebijakan transformasi digital berlangsung lebih cepat dibandingkan proses adaptasi kapasitas pendidik sebagai pelaksana kebijakan. Kondisi tersebut berpotensi menimbulkan implementasi yang bersifat administratif tanpa diikuti perubahan pedagogis yang bermakna. Oleh karena itu, transformasi digital pendidikan memerlukan kebijakan yang tidak hanya berorientasi pada adopsi teknologi, tetapi juga pada penguatan kapasitas pendidik secara berkelanjutan agar implementasi kebijakan dapat berlangsung secara efektif dan berorientasi pada kualitas pembelajaran.
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